Abstract Objective: To assess the effects of different peracetic acid (PAA) formulations on smear layer (SL) removal, dentine erosion, cytotoxicity, and antibiofilm activity. Methodology: SL removal and dentine erosion were assessed using 90 premolars, distributed into six groups, according to final irrigation: PAA formulations (1% Sigma, 1% Bacterend OX, 1% Arposept, and 0.09-0.15% Anioxyde), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and water (control). Cytotoxicity was assessed by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red assays. Antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness was evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis. For cytotoxicity and antibiofilm activity assessment, the 2.5% NaOCl was also included. Results: EDTA, Sigma, and Bacterend OX removed more SL than Arposept, Anioxyde, and water (p<0.05). EDTA caused more severe dentine erosion than Sigma and Bacterend OX (p<0.05). Sigma and Bacterend OX had higher cytotoxicity than the other solutions (p<0.05). NaOCl, Bacterend OX, Sigma, and Anioxyde significantly reduced E. faecalis colony-forming units (CFU) (p<0.05). The 2.5% NaOCl solution promoted greater biofilm biomass reduction (p<0.05) than the other solutions. All PAA formulations promoted greater biomass reduction than 17% EDTA (p<0.05). Conclusions: Although Sigma and Bacterend OX had higher cytotoxicity, they had a SL removal capability similar to that of EDTA, were as effective as NaOCl against E. faecalis biofilm, and promoted less dentine erosion than EDTA. Arposept and Anioxyde failed to remove the SL, had lower cytotoxicity, and showed less bacterial activity than NaOCl.

Abstract: Modified formulations of calcium silicate repair materials with additives have been developed to enhance handling, consistency, biocompatibility and bioactivity. Considering the relevance of osteoblastic cell response to mineralized tissue repair, human osteoblastic cells (Saos-2 cells overexpressing BMP-2) were exposed to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (with calcium tungstate - CaWO4), MTA HP Repair, Bio-C Repair and Bio-C Pulpo. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and neutral red (NR), and cell death, by flow cytometry. Gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) osteogenic markers were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). ALP activity and alizarin red staining (ARS) were used to detect mineralization nodule deposition. Bioactive cements presented no cytotoxic effect, and did not induce apoptosis at the higher dilution (1:12). MTA, Bio-C Repair and Bio-C Pulpo exhibited higher ALP activity than the control group (P < 0.05) after 7 days. MTA, MTA HP and Bio-C Pulpo affected the formation of mineralized nodules (p < 0.05). Exposure to all cement extracts for 1 day increased BMP-2 gene expression. RUNX-2 mRNA was greater in MTA, MTA HP and Bio-C Repair. MTA, MTA HP and Bio-C Pulpo increased the ALP mRNA expression, compared with BMP-2 unexposed cells (P < 0.05). Calcium silicate cements showed osteogenic potential and biocompatibility in Saos-2 cells transfected BMP-2, and increased the mRNA expression of BMP-2, RUNX-2, and ALP osteogenic markers in the BMP-2 transfected system, thereby promoting a cellular response to undertake the mineralized tissue repair.

OBJETIVO: O estudo avaliou, em diversos períodos de análise, o pH e liberação de cálcio e a atividade antibacteriana proporcionada pelo MTA Fillapex, em relação ao Sealapex e AH Plus. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Tubos de polietilenos foram preenchidos com um dos cimentos e imersos em água destilada. Após de 24 horas, 14 e 28 dias, o valor do pH e o cálcio liberado pelos cimentos foram avaliados diretamente na água destilada em que os espécimes permaneceram imersos. A atividade antibacteriana dos cimentos foi avaliada em culturas de Enterococcus faecalis ou Staphylococcus aureus, por meio do teste de difusão em ágar. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos aos testes de ANOVA e Tukey (α=0.05). RESULTADO: Em todos os períodos analizados, o Sealapex proporcionou os maiores valores de pH (p<0,05) em relação aos demais cimentos e o MTA Fillapex proporcionou maiores valores que o dos AH Plus (p<0,05). Em 14 dias, o MTA Fillapex promoveu maior liberação de cálcio que o proporcionado pelo Sealapex (p<0,05). Em 28 dias, o Sealapex proporcionou maior liberação de cálcio que o MTA Fillapex (p<0,05). Em todos os períodos, o AH Plus apresentou a menor liberação de cálcio em relação aos outros cimentos (p<0,05). Em relação ao E. faecalis, não foram observadas diferenças (p>0,05) entre as zonas de inibição de crescimento bacteriano produzidas pelos diveros cimentos. Em relação ao S. aureus, o Sealapex apresentou maior atividade antibacteriana que o MTA Fillapex e o AH Plus (p<0,05), que por sua vez foram semelhantes entre si (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Após o período final de avaliação, o pH e a liberação de cálcio proporcionado pelo MTA Fillapex foram menores que os do Sealapex e maiores que os do AH Plus. A atividade antimicrobiana do MTA Fillapex não diferiu dos demais cimentos endodônticos.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated, in several analysis periods, pH and calcium release and antibacterial activity provided by MTA Fillapex sealer compared to Sealapex and AH Plus sealers. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Polyethylene tubes were filled with a sealer and immersed in distilled water. After 24 hours, 14 and 28 days, pH and calcium release by endodontic sealers were evaluated directly in water which the tubes were stored. Sealers antibacterial activity was evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus by means of agar diffusion test. All data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). RESULT: In all periods evaluated, Sealapex had the highest pH value (p<0.05) in comparison to other sealers and MTA Fillapex provided higher pH values than AH Plus (p<0.05). In 14-days period, MTA Fillapex had greater calcium release value than Sealapex (p<0.05). In 28-days period, Sealapex provided higher calcium release than MTA Fillapex (p<0.05). In all periods, AH Plus provided lower calcium release than other sealers (p<0.05). In relation to E. faecalis, there were no differences among the sealers, in relation to antibacterial activity (p>0.05). In relation to S. aureus, Sealapex presented better antibacterial effectiveness than the MTA Fillapex and AH Plus (p<0.05), which were similar each other (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In final evaluation period, pH values and calcium release provided by MTA Fillapex were lower than provided by Sealapex and higher than provided by AH Plus. The MTA Fillapex antimicrobial action was similar to other endodontic sealers.